T Figure 4. Admixture analysis for K = four. 4 populations are represented together with the colors: Red (noted as G1) composed mostlythe text as G1) composed europaeaby wild laperrinei; Olea europaea subsp. guanchica; and Olea eu Red (noted in by wild accessions (Olea mainly subsp. accessions (Olea europaea subsp. laperrinei; paea var. sylvestris); Purple (noted inside the and Olea europaea var. sylvestris); Purple (noted some Olea as G2) has sylvest Olea europaea subsp. guanchica; text as G2) has southern Spain accessions and in the text europaea var.southern Spain accessions and a few Olea europaea var. sylvestris; Blue (noted inside the key text as G3) is composed by individuals from Syria and Iran; Green (noted in the text as G4) present-day Greek and Methyl jasmonate Description Italian accessions and a few accessions from north-western Spain. Vouves tree samples have already been marked having a star.Examining the composition from the individuals in admixture analysis it seems possible that some introgression and gene flow has taken location in between the wild and some cultivated accessions which include “YTX-465 Description Dokkar”. Consequently, and so as to test this possibility, an ABBA-BABA analysis was performed making use of the Italian varieties as sister group, the wild accessions “Minorca”, “Palma del Rio” and “Jaen. The Olea europaea subsp. laperrinei was made use of as outgroup. The results evidenced that three cvs (“Chemlal Kabil”, “Megaritiki” and “Dokkar”) knowledgeable introgression from wild olive trees: (Table S1). This really is in agreement with the position of these three cvs in the phylogenetic tree (Figure 2a). The Vouves treePlants 2021, 10,9 ofbottom sample didn’t present any Olea europaea var. sylvestris introgression as outlined by the ABBA-BABA evaluation. The relation among the top rated with the Vouves tree sample and the Greek accession `Mastoidis’ was tested calculating the relatedness Ajk statistic between all the samples (Figure S4). Individuals with themselves may have values of 1 or larger, folks within the same population will have values close to 0 and unrelated people will have negative values. The best from the Vouves tree sample has an Ajk statistics value of 0.53 using the `Mastoidis’ accession indicating a relation with the very same order than half-siblings, and verifying that the Vouves tree was grafted with a present-day cv. This really is in complete agreement with present SSR analysis whereupon Vouves prime sample fell within the `Mastoidis’ cluster (Figure 2b). The Vouves rootstock (bottom sample) showed a clear grouping with all the oleaster samples in a equivalent way that the `Megaritiki’ Greek cv. A previous work hypothesized that `Megaritiki’ has an introgression of oleaster populations [31]. This result agrees using the Ajk statistics with values of 0.13, 0.10, 0.ten, 0.09 and 0.09 using the `Croatia’, `Palma del Rio’, `Minorca’, `Jaen’ and `Albania’ oleaster accessions, respectively. The Vouves rootstock (bottom sample) shows greater values with all the oleaster samples, specifically with `Minorca’ (0.16), `Albania’ (0.15) and `Palma del Rio’ (0.14). These values are equivalent to the values that the oleaster samples show in between them. Although this agrees with all the hypothesis that this sample could have oleaster introgressions, the estimated age with the tree could indicate an early stage of domestication and diversification from the oleaster accessions. A more substantial sampling of other Greek accessions too as other oleaster samples from the West Mediterranean region could enable to clarify this outcome. Greek cvs whose geno.