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Journal ofClinical MedicineReviewProtein Biomarkers in Glaucoma: A ReviewEwa Fiedorowicz 1 , Anna Cielinska 1 , Patrycja Kuklo 2 and Andrzej Grzybowski two,3, s Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; [email protected] (E.F.); [email protected] (A.C.) Division of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; [email protected] Institute for Analysis in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, 61-553 Poznan, Poland Correspondence: [email protected]: Glaucoma is often a multifactorial illness. Early CD266/TWEAK R Proteins site diagnosis of this disease can help remedy and lessen the effects of pathophysiological processes. A considerable difficulty within the diagnosis of glaucoma is restricted access to the tested material. Consequently, intensive investigation is underway to develop biomarkers for rapid, noninvasive, and dependable testing. Biomarkers indicated within the formation of glaucoma include things like chemical compounds from diverse chemical groups, for example proteins, sugars, and lipids. This assessment summarizes our expertise about protein and/or their protein-like derived biomarkers applied for glaucoma diagnosis since 2000. The described possibilities resulting from a biomarker search may perhaps contribute to identifying a group of compounds strongly correlated with glaucoma development. Such a discover would be of fantastic significance inside the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder, as current screening methods have low sensitivity and are unable to diagnose early principal open-angle glaucoma. Key phrases: glaucoma; biomarker; peptide; protein; glaucoma screening; eye-disorder screeningCitation: Fiedorowicz, E.; Cielinska, s A.; Kuklo, P.; Grzybowski, A. Protein Biomarkers in Glaucoma: A Critique. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 5388. https:// doi.org/10.3390/jcm10225388 Academic Editor: Kyung Chul Yoon Received: 20 October 2021 Accepted: 17 November 2021 Published: 18 November1. Introduction Glaucoma refers to a group of optic neuropathies with characteristic morphological alterations inside the retinal nerve fiber layer and also the optic nerve head (ONH). These adjustments are related with slow and progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, characteristic alterations in neuroretinal rim tissue inside the ONH, and visual field loss [1,2]. Key openangle glaucoma (POAG) could be the most prevalent kind of glaucoma within the Western globe [3]. Glaucoma can be a multifactorial disease that can be correlated with immune reaction, ischemia, and oxidative anxiety [61]. One of the most significant threat components of disease improvement are shown in Figure 1 [2,126]. One of many most important complications facing the field of ophthalmology is CD183 Proteins medchemexpress figuring out how to diagnose glaucoma early. So far, the threat of blindness is prevented by timely remedy by way of the lowering of intraocular pressure (IOP). The diagnosis of glaucoma requires a detailed examination of your optic disc structure and visual field; combinations of patient history and objective solutions for the evaluation on the ONH, such as the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), visual fields, tonometry, and corneal thickness; and assessing the structure and function of your eye. Possible screening tests classify subjects as healthful, as glaucoma suspects, or as obtaining glaucomatous pathology of an insufficient predictive energy [17,18]. A important dilemma in diagnosing the illness is limit.