Elps mitigate climate change, lessen air pollution, and slow the depletion ofEnergies 2021, 14,six offossil fuels. Uncontrolled Aztreonam Autophagy economic expansion threatens international ecology on account of the restricted structure of organic resources. No economic activity may possibly take spot unless power is offered as an input [62,63]. 3. Approaches and Study Data The main aim with the existing study was to decide the interaction between GHG emissions, nuclear energy, coal energy, and urban agglomeration to economic progress in Pakistan by using annual data which can be taken from the two crucial sources: the Financial Survey of Pakistan (finance.gov.pk/, accessed on 14 September 2021) plus the World Development Indicators (https://data.worldbank.org/country/pakistan, accessed on 14 September 2021). The explanation of all variables utilized in this study is illustrated in Figure 1, which reveals the upward and downward tendencies from 1972019. Furthermore, Figure two shows the methodological strategy of this study. 1st, we checked the variables’ summary analysis and correlation, then their stationarity through the unit root tests (DF-GLS, P-P, KPSS). After, the bounds had been tested for the confirmation of cointegration with the Johansen cointegration test, and short and long-run estimations making use of ARDL approach including stability and diagnostic tests were used. A unidirectional association involving all variables was revealed by performing a Granger causality test under the vector error Inositol nicotinate Description correction model (VECM). Ultimately, we employed the stepwise least squares approach to enhance the robustness of your findings. 3.1. Econometric Model Demonstration For demonstrating the interaction amongst GHG emissions, nuclear energy, coal power, urban agglomeration, and economic growth in Pakistan, we have utilized the following model, which might be stated as: ECGt = f ( GHGet , NUENt , COENt , URAGt) For further explanation of variables, we are able to expand Equation (1) further as: LnECGt = 0 1 LnGHGet two LnNUENt three LnCOENt four LnURAGt t (two) (1)where in Equation (2), ECGt signifies financial development, GHGet reflects greenhouse gas emissions, NUENt displays nuclear power, COENt indicates coal energy, and URAGt presents urban agglomeration. The coefficients from 1 to 4 show the model dynamics.Energies 2021, 14, x FOR PEER REVIEWEnergies 2021, 14,7 of7 ofFigure 1. Trends with the variables applied within the study. Figure 1. Trends with the variables applied inside the study.Energies 2021, 14, x FOR PEER Overview Energies 2021, 14,8 of 22 eight ofFigure two. The methodological framework on the study. Figure two. The methodological framework of the study.3.2. Specification of ARDL Strategy 3.1. Econometric Model Demonstration This study has followed the technique of ARDL bounds testing, whichenergy, coal enFor demonstrating the interaction among GHG emissions, nuclear was presented by Pesaran and Shin [64] andand financial development in Pakistan, we’ve utilized the folergy, urban agglomeration, Pesaran et al. [65]. Long-term and short-term connections betweenmodel, which is usually stated as: and all others are shown by the integrated order lowing variables like economic development I(0) and I(1), but not at I(2). The variables’ interaction using the unrestricted error correction (1) = ( , , ,) model (UECM) may perhaps be summarized as follows:For further explanation of variables, we can expand Equation (1) additional as: = (two)Energies 2021, 14,9 ofLnECGt = 0 1b LnECGt-r 2b LnGHGet-rbb 3b LnNUENt-r 4b LnCOENt-r 5b LnURAGt-r 6 LnECGt-1 7 LnGHGet-b.