Esented as polygons should really be converted to point shapefile) [34]. The point shapefile could be developed by utilizing the “Feature to Point” function inside the ArcGIS Software program. In other words, this function creates centroids which can be made use of to represent the districts of Jeddah. The use of this function permits snapping of centroids along the road lines at the closest point towards the Tesmilifene supplier network for the analysis. By this method, network distance measurements from the facility location may be determined. The district centroid representsAppl. Sci. 2021, 11,six ofthe center of demand point for a population that a district polygon includes. Such a demand point is then employed, in addition to the facility location point, to calculate the network distance that identifies which populations are within the drive-time catchment location [35]. General, applying this function is beneficial, particularly provided that some districts of Jeddah incorporate limited major and secondary roads. On the other hand, the tool of “Origin estination (OD) Price Matrix”, which falls below the ArcGIS Network Analyst Extension, is utilized within this study to execute the 2SFCA strategy. The OD matrix is made use of as a source for calculating provider-topopulation ratios, and scores of spatial accessibility for population districts. 2.3.1. Setting Travel Time As talked about, the 2SFCA method is utilized to measure the spatial accessibility with the MOH healthcare centers in Jeddah primarily based on a travel time (i.e., drive-time threshold in this study). As a result, some procedures really should firstly be performed inside the road network DMT-dC(ac) Phosphoramidite Cell Cycle/DNA Damage database to set the travel time that is also deemed as an critical step to create the OD cost matrix later. Based on the accessible information, 4 types of roads were employed for this study, which are expressways, most important, secondary, and local. The Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs (MOMRA) in Saudi Arabia issued the Engineering Style Manual for Roads in 2019. Within this manual, speed limits are identified based on types of roads, exactly where the preferred speed of expressways is one hundred km/h, the preferred speed of key roads is 80 km/h, the preferred speed of secondary roads is 60 km/h, even though the desired speed of neighborhood roads is 50 km/h. To create a network capable of calculating the travel time, three principal fields had been added for the road network database inside the GIS atmosphere. First, the field of road length was added to calculate the length of every road (line segment) in meters. Assigning the length value for every single road was performed by utilizing the “Calculate Geometry Tool”. Second, the field of speed limit was also added to assign a speed limit of travel for each and every road type in kilometer/hour. Third, the field of travel time was also added to assign the travel time worth in minutes it would take to travel inside every single road type primarily based on its speed limit. Assigning the travel time worth for each and every road kind was performed by utilizing the “Field Calculator Tool”. Following calculating the travel time for each road variety (line segment), some procedures had been performed to recognize possible troubles of the road network shapefile, just before making a network dataset below ArcCatalog module. The problem of duplicated segments resulting in the existence of several names and capabilities was solved by applying the “Must Not Overlap” rule within the ArcMap, where the road network does not think about travel or turn restrictions. In addition, the (Integrate) tool was made use of to ensure that all segments were connected, where quite a few segments had no connectivity; hence, th.